愛(ài)爾蘭詩(shī)歌日|讓我們讀一讀愛(ài)爾蘭詩(shī)人的詩(shī)吧

Today the 27th of April is Irish Poetry Day. 

To celebrate, here is an introductory guide to Irish poetry.

4月27日是愛(ài)爾蘭詩(shī)歌日，讓我們?yōu)槟憬榻B一下愛(ài)爾蘭詩(shī)歌。

Introduction to Irish Poetry/愛(ài)爾蘭詩(shī)歌簡(jiǎn)介

Irish poetry is rich and complex and this shows in its history.  Irish poetry is the oldest vernacular form of poetry in Europe； this means that it was not written in the Latin language but in Irish. Being an island， Ireland was relatively protected from foreign invasions which preserved its insular language and culture.

愛(ài)爾蘭詩(shī)歌豐富且復(fù)雜，這在其歷史中一直有所體現(xiàn)。作為歐洲最早的通俗詩(shī)，愛(ài)爾蘭詩(shī)歌不是用拉丁文寫(xiě)的，而是愛(ài)爾蘭語(yǔ)。畢竟愛(ài)爾蘭是一個(gè)島嶼國(guó)家，相對(duì)免受外來(lái)入侵，島國(guó)語(yǔ)言與文化得以較好的保存。

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The first Irish poems were short in length to make sure they would be easily passed on to further generations, and their rhythm was complex enough to make it difficult for people to change the original lyrics. These poems were shared orally and had many uses. Some poems would talk about the Kings’ life and glory. However as recited and shared orally among the people, they were mainly composed for entertainment.

為了能順利流傳下去，最早的愛(ài)爾蘭詩(shī)都短小精悍，節(jié)奏也相當(dāng)復(fù)雜，這樣別人就不能輕易修改原來(lái)的詩(shī)句。那些詩(shī)歌都是口頭流傳下來(lái)的，并且有諸多用處。有些詩(shī)人會(huì)用詩(shī)歌描述國(guó)王的生活與輝煌。盡管民間很多人都朗誦詩(shī)歌相互分享，但大部分詩(shī)歌在創(chuàng)作的時(shí)候主要還是僅供娛樂(lè)。

We can trace the first poems written in the Irish language to the 6th century while the first Irish poems written in the English language appeared during the 14th century. There has naturally been intertwinement between the English and Irish traditions. In the 18th century, Irish and English language reached an equal level of importance and the Irish culture and the English language merged. However during the 19th century, economic and political factors placed the English language as predominant over the Irish one, and this phenomenon can be felt in the style of the contemporaneous poetry.

最早的愛(ài)爾蘭語(yǔ)詩(shī)誕生在6世紀(jì)，而愛(ài)爾蘭的英文詩(shī)則最早出現(xiàn)在14世紀(jì)。歷史上愛(ài)爾蘭文化和英格蘭文化彼此糾纏過(guò)一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。到了18世紀(jì)，英語(yǔ)和愛(ài)爾蘭語(yǔ)達(dá)到了同等地位，愛(ài)爾蘭文化里完全融入了英語(yǔ)。然而在19世紀(jì)，由于經(jīng)濟(jì)政治的因素英語(yǔ)超越愛(ài)爾蘭語(yǔ)成為了愛(ài)爾蘭的主要語(yǔ)言。我們只要看一下同時(shí)期的詩(shī)歌就能感受到這些語(yǔ)言文化的變遷。

So what languages do Irish poets write in?/那么愛(ài)爾蘭詩(shī)人到底用什么語(yǔ)言寫(xiě)詩(shī)？

Both English and Irish.  There’s a wonderful poet named Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill who has written about how she feels inspired by the rhythm and meter of Irish in a way she can’t replicate in English. Another favourite is Cathal ó Searcaigh, whose ‘Níl aon ní’ [‘There’s nothing’] has some stunning imagery of the Irish landscape. We also have some masterful translators, such as Thomas Kinsella who translated the Irish epic poem, ‘The Táin’, which is about an ancient war between the provinces of Connacht and Ulster.

答案是英語(yǔ)和愛(ài)爾蘭語(yǔ)都用。愛(ài)爾蘭有位非常厲害的詩(shī)人叫諾拉?尼歌諾（Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill），她就曾說(shuō)過(guò)愛(ài)爾蘭語(yǔ)的節(jié)奏與韻律給她帶來(lái)的靈感是英語(yǔ)所無(wú)法企及的。另一位著名詩(shī)人凱索?歐?希爾凱（Cathal ó Searcaigh）筆下的愛(ài)爾蘭語(yǔ)詩(shī)Níl aon ní（即There’s nothing，中文意為什么都沒(méi)有）生動(dòng)展示了愛(ài)爾蘭景觀的壯麗。愛(ài)爾蘭還有一些詩(shī)人本身還是翻譯大師，他們把最經(jīng)典的愛(ài)爾蘭語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌翻譯成英文。比如托馬斯?金賽拉（Thomas Kinsella）就翻譯了經(jīng)典詩(shī)The Táin，這首詩(shī)講述的是古時(shí)候康諾特省和阿爾斯特省之間爆發(fā)的一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

想不想來(lái)風(fēng)景如畫(huà)的愛(ài)爾蘭留學(xué)呢？點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)行愛(ài)爾蘭留學(xué)咨詢

4 Popular Irish Poets to Know/4 位必知的愛(ài)爾蘭詩(shī)人

William Butler Yeats, (1865 –1939)

William Butler Yeats  is one of the most well-known Irish poets. He was awarded a Nobel Prize in Literature in December 1923. In China his poem “When you are old” became a popular song when sang in 2014 on a famous singing TV show. 

威廉?巴特勒?葉芝是愛(ài)爾蘭最負(fù)盛名的詩(shī)人之一，也是1923年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的獲得者。2014年，由歌手趙照根據(jù)葉芝的詩(shī)歌《When You are Old》紅遍中國(guó)。

Another well-known poem of his is ''The Lake Isle of Innisfree'' :

他的另一首名作《茵尼斯弗利島》:

The Lake Isle of Innisfree

《茵尼斯弗利島》

I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,

And a small cabin build there, 

of clay and wattles made:

Nine bean-rows will I have there, 

a hive for the honey-bee;

And live alone in the bee-loud glade.

我就要起身走了，到茵尼斯弗利島，

造座小茅屋在那里，枝條編墻糊上泥；

我要養(yǎng)上一箱蜜蜂，種上九行豆角，

獨(dú)住在蜂聲嗡嗡的林間草地。

And I shall have some peace there, 

for peace comes dropping slow,

Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket sings;

There midnight’s all a glimmer, and noon a purple glow,

And evening full of the linnet’s wings. 

那兒安寧會(huì)降臨我，安寧慢慢兒滴下來(lái)，

從晨的面紗滴落到蛐蛐歇唱的地方；

那兒半夜閃著微光，中午染著紫紅光彩，

而黃昏織滿了紅雀的翅膀。

I will arise and go now, for always night and day

I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore;

While I stand on the roadway, 

or on the pavements grey,

I hear it in the deep heart’s core.

我就要起身走了，因?yàn)閺脑绲酵韽囊沟匠?/p>

我聽(tīng)到湖水在不斷地輕輕拍岸；

不論我站在馬路上還是在灰色人行道，

總聽(tīng)得它在我心靈深處呼喚。

Patrick Kavanagh, (1904 –1967) 

Patrick Kavanagh (1904 –1967) was an Irish poet and novelist. A few of his best known poems are "The Great Hunger", "On Raglan Road" and “Memory of my father”. He is recognizable for mostly writing about mundane and ordinary life issues.   

帕特里克.卡瓦納(1904 –1967) 是 愛(ài)爾蘭著名的詩(shī)人和小說(shuō)家。他的代表作包括《大饑荒》、《在拉格倫路》和《紀(jì)念我的父親》。他的作品充滿鄉(xiāng)土氣息，以描繪平凡的生活為主。

Memory of My Father

紀(jì)念我的父親

Every old man I see

Reminds me of my father

When he had fallen in love with death

One time when sheaves were gathered.

我見(jiàn)到的每個(gè)上了年紀(jì)的人

都讓我想起我的父親

死亡向他拋出繡球

那時(shí)所有的花束都聚攏

That man I saw in Gardiner Street

Stumble on the kerb was one,

He stared at me half-eyed,

I might have been his son.

我在嘉丁納看到一個(gè)人

就是那個(gè)被石頭絆倒的那個(gè)

他眼睛半歙盯著我

也許我就是他的兒子

And I remember the musician

Faltering over his fiddle

In Bayswater, London.

He too set me the riddle.

我還記得那個(gè)音樂(lè)家

蹣跚的拉著小提琴

在倫敦，貝斯沃特

他也給我出了同樣的謎題

Every old man I see

In October-coloured weather

Seems to say to me

"I was once your father."

在十月的絢爛的天氣里

我看到的每個(gè)年老的人

似乎好像對(duì)我說(shuō)

“曾經(jīng)我是你的父親。”

Seamus Justin Heaney, (1939 –2013)

Seamus Justin Heaney  was an Irish poet, playwright, translator and lecturer at Harvard. In 1995 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Critics say he is one of the most important Irish poets since Yeats. Academic John Sutherland described him as"the greatest poet of our age". In 2013, he was described by the journal The Independent as "probably the best-known poet in the world.” He is famous for his work the Death of a Naturalist (1966).

謝默斯?希尼是一名愛(ài)爾蘭詩(shī)人、劇作家和翻譯家，生前曾在哈佛大學(xué)授課。他在1995年榮獲諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。評(píng)論家稱他是繼葉芝后最重要的愛(ài)爾蘭詩(shī)人。學(xué)者約翰?薩瑟蘭認(rèn)為他是‘我們這一代最偉大的詩(shī)人’。2013年，在愛(ài)爾蘭《獨(dú)立報(bào)》中他被評(píng)為‘可能是全世界最有名的詩(shī)人’。他最著名的作品是《一個(gè)自然主義者的死亡》（1966）.

Eavan Boland, ( 1944- today)

Eavan Boland is an Irish poet and author born in Dublin. Daughter of a diplomat and painter, she studied in Trinity College where she wrote as a student her first collection of poems. She is now a professor at Stanford. Boland mostly writes about Irish identity and the place of women in Irish history, challenging the traditional representation of womanhood. A great number of her poems are studied by Irish students taking the Leaving Certificate examination (the equivalent of the Gaokao in China). 

伊文?博蘭  ( 1944- )是一名出生在都柏林的詩(shī)人和作家。她是一位外交官和畫(huà)家的女兒，曾就讀于都柏林圣三一大學(xué)，在校期間出版了她的第一本詩(shī)集?，F(xiàn)在她是斯坦福大學(xué)的一名教授。博蘭的作品以描述愛(ài)爾蘭民族身份和愛(ài)爾蘭女性在歷史中的地位見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)，對(duì)女性的傳統(tǒng)象征進(jìn)行挑戰(zhàn)。她的詩(shī)歌中有很大一部分被納入愛(ài)爾蘭畢業(yè)考試（等同于中國(guó)高考）的學(xué)習(xí)大綱中。

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