雅思閱讀之劍橋雅思長(zhǎng)難句分析

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1.The scent she carried in her samples and on her body was a message to the other bees that this was the one they were looking for.(劍4, General Training Test B section 3)

分析：本句的主句為“The scent was a message to the other bees”；“she carried in her samples and on her body”為定語(yǔ)從句，做The scent的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，因此被省掉；“that this was the one they were looking for”為that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，做a message的同位語(yǔ)；“they were looking for”為定語(yǔ)從句，做the one的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做for的賓語(yǔ)，因此被省掉。

2.The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer.(劍5, Test 1 passage 2)

分析：本句的主句為“The teacher-subject was told that…”；“that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做tell的賓語(yǔ);在該賓語(yǔ)從句中“a shock was to be administered”為主句，而“whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question”為whenever引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間裝語(yǔ)從句，在該賓語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，“beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)，在該賓語(yǔ)從句中做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

3.As audiences grew, so did the places where films were shown, finishing up with the ‘great picture palaces’ of the 1920s, which rivaled, and occasionally superseded, theatres and opera-houses in terms of opulence and splendour.(劍4, General Training Test A section 3)

分析：本句的主句為倒裝句“so did the places”；“As audiences grew”為as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;“where films were shown”為定語(yǔ)從句，做places的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為where；“finishing up with the ‘great picture palaces’ of the 1920s”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做伴隨狀語(yǔ);“which rivaled, and occasionally superseded, theatres and opera-houses in terms of opulence and splendour.”為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞為which。

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4.The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in the most just and efficient way, is not a new one.(劍4, test4 passage 3)

分析：本句的主句為“The problem is not a new one”；“how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in the most just and efficient way”為how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做of的賓語(yǔ)；“so that they are distributed in the most just and efficient way”為so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句。

5.These methods include strength training that duplicates what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics, a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union. (劍4, test4 passage 1)

分析：本句的主句為“These methods include strength training”；“that duplicates what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics”為定語(yǔ)從句，做“strength training”的定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞為that；“what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics”為賓語(yǔ)從句，由what引導(dǎo)；“a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union”為plyometrics的同位語(yǔ)。

6.The dominant idea, raised by 64% of the pupils, was that rainforests provide animals with habitats. (test1 passage 1)

分析：“raised by 64% of the pupils”為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，“that rainforests provide animals with habitats”為表語(yǔ)從句，作was的表語(yǔ)，本句的主句為“The dominant idea…was that…”。

7.A popular explanation of play has been that it helps juveniles develop the skills they will need to hunt. (test2 passage 3)

分析：本句的主句為“A popular explanation of play has been that…”；“that it helps juveniles develop the skills they will need to hunt”為that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，作has been的表語(yǔ)；“they will need to hunt”為定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，被省略。

8.A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.(劍5, Test 1 passage 2)

分析：本句的主句為“A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that …”；其中“that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，做claim的賓語(yǔ)；在賓語(yǔ)從句中“having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，在該賓語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)，“ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.”也是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)，在該賓語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

9.The best estimates are that the temperatures will rise by 2-3℃ in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US $5,000 billion.(劍5, Test 1 passage 3)

分析：本句主句為“The best estimates are that…”；“that the temperatures will rise by 2-3℃ in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US $5,000 billion.”為that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，做are的表語(yǔ),“causing considerable problems”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

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